Cannabis FAQs

The affects of marijuana on your body starts with the brain by interacting with the endocannabinoid system, particularly the CB1 receptors found in the brain and central nervous system. THC, the psychoactive component, can alter mood, perception, memory, and coordination. CBD, on the other hand, does not cause a “high” but may help regulate mood and reduce inflammation.

THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis that causes the euphoric “high.” CBD (cannabidiol) is non-psychoactive and known for its calming, anti-inflammatory, and anticonvulsant properties. Both compounds interact with cannabinoid receptors but have different effects and medical uses.

Currently, South Africa allows cultivation for both private and personal use. Commercial cultivation is heavily restricted and requires permits from the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) for medicinal use. Industrial hemp farming is governed under separate guidelines.

Private, personal use of cannabis is legal in South Africa, but public use, sale, and distribution remain illegal.

Cannabis can be consumed by smoking, vaping, eating (edibles), using tinctures, applying topicals, or taking capsules. The most effective method depends on the desired onset time and therapeutic purpose. Inhalation offers quick relief; edibles provide longer-lasting effects.

In 2018, South Africa’s Constitutional Court ruled that private, personal use of cannabis by adults is legal. However, public use, sale, and distribution remain illegal. A Cannabis for Private Purposes Bill is currently under review to regulate personal use and cultivation.

Cannabis is commonly divided into three categories: Indica (relaxing, sedative), Sativa (energizing, uplifting), and hybrids (a mix of both). Strains vary in cannabinoid and terpene profiles, affecting their aroma, potency, and effects.

Landrace strains are original, naturally occurring cannabis varieties that developed in specific geographic regions. They are genetically pure and have not been crossbred. Examples include Durban Poison (South Africa), Afghan Kush, and Thai. These are foundational strains for many modern hybrids.

The cannabis industry has significant economic potential in South Africa, especially for job creation, rural development, and exports. The legal hemp and medicinal cannabis sectors are attracting investment, although regulatory delays have slowed growth. The illicit market remains sizable.

Large-scale cannabis cultivation can strain water resources, contribute to deforestation, and involve heavy pesticide use. Indoor growing is energy-intensive due to lighting and HVAC systems. Sustainable practices are being encouraged to mitigate environmental harm.

Cannabis can interact with medications metabolized by the liver’s cytochrome P450 system, potentially altering their effectiveness. It may amplify sedatives, reduce the impact of some psychiatric drugs, or interact with blood thinners like warfarin. Always consult a doctor.

Cannabis may negatively affect fertility, especially in men, by reducing sperm count and motility. In women, it may interfere with ovulation and hormonal balance. Pregnant women are advised to avoid cannabis due to potential effects on fetal development.

Cannabis, particularly strains high in THC and/or CBD, is used to manage chronic pain, neuropathic pain, and pain associated with conditions like arthritis and cancer. It works by modulating pain perception through the endocannabinoid system.

Medicinal cannabis in South Africa requires SAHPRA approval and can only be accessed via prescription. Recreational cannabis use is decriminalized for private use, but buying, selling, or using it in public is illegal. The legal framework is still developing.

Despite legalization progress, cannabis use is still stigmatized in many cultures. Users may be viewed as irresponsible or criminal, and professionals may face workplace discrimination. These stigmas are rooted in decades of prohibition and misinformation.

Yes. Adults in South Africa may legally grow cannabis for personal consumption in private spaces. This right was established by the 2018 Constitutional Court ruling. The cannabis must not be sold or distributed, and its use should not infringe on the rights of others.

The Cannabis for Private Purposes Bill (still under review as of 2025) proposes the following cultivation limits:

• 4 flowering plants per adult (indoors)

• 8 flowering plants per household (indoors)

• 2 flowering plants per adult (outdoors)

• 600 grams of dried cannabis per adult (in possession)
  Note: These quantities are proposed and not yet final. Enforcement varies, and discretion may apply.

Yes. To grow cannabis commercially for medical or research purposes, you must obtain a Medicinal Cannabis Cultivation License from SAHPRA. The application requires detailed business plans, security measures, and adherence to Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP).

Cannabis thrives in areas with moderate temperatures, ample sunlight, and good soil. South Africa has several regions well-suited for cannabis farming:

• Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal: Ideal for outdoor growing due to favorable climate and fertile soil.

• Limpopo and parts of Mpumalanga: Suitable for both indoor and outdoor cultivation.

• Western Cape: Has potential but requires irrigation in drier months.

The “Dagga Belt” (Eastern Cape & KZN) is traditionally known for cannabis growing.

To grow cannabis outdoors in South Africa consider the following:

• Choose a private, secure location with good sunlight.
• Use well-draining, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0–7.0.
• Start from seeds or clones in early spring (September–October).
• Water regularly, but avoid overwatering.
• Use natural pest control or organic fertilizers for best results.
• Ensure your grow is not visible to the public to remain compliant with privacy laws.

For indoor cultivation in South Africa consider the following:

• Set up a grow tent or room with proper ventilation.
• Use LED or HPS grow lights for photosynthesis.
• Maintain temperature (20–30°C) and humidity (40–60%).
• Use quality soil or hydroponics with nutrients.
• Implement light schedules (e.g., 18/6 for veg, 12/12 for flowering).
• Monitor for pests, mold, and pH imbalances.

Indoor grows offer year-round control and better discretion.

The best outdoor planting time is late September to early October (spring), with harvest between March and May (autumn). This aligns with South Africa’s natural photoperiod for cannabis flowering. Indoor grows can occur year-round with artificial light control.

Cannabis plants prefer the following soil:

• Loamy, well-draining soil

• pH between 6.0 and 6.8

• Rich in organic matter, aerated, and not compacted

• Amended with compost, perlite, and worm castings for nutrients and structure

Many regions in South Africa have naturally rich soil, especially in the Eastern Cape.

Common threats to Cannabis Plants include:

• Spider mites

• Whiteflies

• Aphids

• Fungal infections (e.g., powdery mildew, botrytis/bud rot)

• Root rot in overwatered or poorly drained soil

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) using neem oil, insecticidal soaps, and biological predators is encouraged.

Absolutely. Organic cultivation is gaining traction. Key practices include:

• Using organic soil amendments (compost, worm castings)

• Avoiding synthetic fertilizers or pesticides

• Applying companion planting and natural pest control

• Using organic certification programs if planning to export

Common mistakes to avoid when growing cannabis are the following:

• Overwatering or underwatering

• Poor soil drainage

• Choosing the wrong strains for local climate

• Ignoring pest prevention

• Harvesting too early or too late

• Non-compliance with legal limits or visibility laws

• Inadequate light or airflow in indoor grows

Exporting cannabis is strictly regulated. Requirements include:

• Licensing from SAHPRA for cultivation and manufacturing

• Compliance with GMP and GACP standards

• A valid import permit from the destination country

• Approval from the Department of Health and Agriculture

• Traceability and lab testing

Currently, most exports are for medical cannabis or hemp, not recreational use.

All products are rigorously tested to ensure safety, potency, and consistency, providing you with peace of mind.

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